Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer
NIELIT Official Syllabus – Chapter 1 Topics:
Computer & Latest IT Gadgets, Evolution of Computers & Applications, IT Gadgets and Applications, Hardware (CPU, Input Devices, Output Devices, Computer Memory & Storage), Software (Application Software, Systems Software, Utility Software, Open Source & Proprietary Software, Mobile Apps)
Introduction of Computer
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it according to instruct...
Characteristics of Computer System
A computer is an electronic device that processes raw data into meaningful information. Its core ...
Objectives
The primary objective of a computer description isto define a system's capabilities, specificatio...
Types of Computer
Analog Computer
An analogue computerprocesses data using continuously variable physical quantities—such as electr...
Digital Computer
A digital computer is an electronic device that solves problems by processing information in disc...
Hybrid Computer
A Hybrid Computer is a type of computer that combines the features of both Analog Computer and Di...
Types of Digital Computer
1. Micro Computer (माइक्रो कंप्यूटर) A Micro Computer is a small, affordable, single-user compute...
Mini Computer
A Mini Computer is a medium-sized computer that supports multiple users simultaneously. It is mor...
Mainframe Computer
A Mainframe Computer is a very powerful computer designed to process huge amounts of data and sup...
Super Computer
A Super Computer is the world's fastest and most powerful computer. It is used for solving highly...
Evolution of Computer
Generation of Computer (कंप्यूटर की पीढ़ियाँ)
Computer Generation refers to the stages of development of computers based on the technology used...
IT Gadgets and Their Applications (आईटी गैजेट्स एवं उनके अनुप्रयोग)
IT Gadgets are modern electronic devices that use Information Technology (IT) to process, store, ...
Basics of Hardware and Software
A computer system is made up of two main components: 1. Hardware – The physical parts of...
Input Devices (इनपुट डिवाइस)
Input Devices are hardware devices that are used to enter data, instructions, or commands into a ...
Keyboard (कीबोर्ड
A Keyboard is the most commonly used input device of a computer. It is used to enter text, number...
Mouse
A Mouse is one of the most commonly used input devices of a computer. It is a pointing device tha...
Output Devices (आउटपुट डिवाइस)
An Output Device is a hardware component of a computer that displays or presents the processed in...
Monitor
A Monitor is the most commonly used Output Device of a computer. It displays the processed inform...
Printer (प्रिंटर)
A Printer is an Output Device. It is used to print the information stored in a computer on paper....
Types of Printer
1. Impact Printer (इम्पैक्ट प्रिंटर) An Impact Printer prints by striking (hitting) an ink r...
CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The Brain of Computer (कंप्यूटर का मस्तिष्क)
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the most important part of a computer. It performs all calcu...
Cache Memory (कैश मेमोरी)
Cache Memory is a small, very fast memory located inside or very close to the CPU. It stores the ...
Computer Memory (कंप्यूटर मेमोरी)
Computer Memory is a storage area where a computer stores data, instructions, and results. Whenev...
Primary Memory (प्राथमिक मेमोरी)
Primary Memory is the main memory of a computer. It is directly connected to the CPU and stores t...
Types of Primary Memory (प्राथमिक मेमोरी के प्रकार)
Primary Memory is the main memory of a computer. It is directly connected to the CPU and stores t...
Secondary Memory (द्वितीयक मेमोरी)
Secondary Memory is a permanent storage memory used to store data, programs, and files for a long...